What is Voice? (वॉयस क्या है?)
Voice in English grammar refers to the relationship between the subject and the verb in a sentence. It indicates whether the subject is doing the action or receiving the action.
अंग्रेज़ी व्याकरण में वॉयस यह दिखाता है कि वाक्य का कर्ता (subject) क्रिया कर रहा है या क्रिया का प्रभाव उस पर पड़ रहा है।
1. Active Voice (सक्रिय वाक्य)
When the subject of the sentence performs the action, the sentence is in the Active Voice.
जब वाक्य का कर्ता (subject) स्वयं क्रिया करता है, तो उसे सक्रिय वाच्य (Active Voice) कहते हैं।
Structure of Active Voice:
👉 Subject + Verb + Object
Examples:
✅ She writes a letter. (वह एक पत्र लिखती है।)
✅ The teacher teaches English. (शिक्षक अंग्रेज़ी पढ़ाते हैं।)
✅ He completed the project. (उसने प्रोजेक्ट पूरा किया।)
2. Passive Voice (निष्क्रिय वाक्य)
When the subject of the sentence receives the action, the sentence is in the Passive Voice.
जब वाक्य में कर्म (object) मुख्य होता है और क्रिया उसी पर होती है, तो उसे निष्क्रिय वाच्य (Passive Voice) कहते हैं।
Structure of Passive Voice:
👉 Object + Helping Verb (is/am/are/was/were/been) + Past Participle (V3) + By + Subject
Examples:
✅ A letter is written by her. (एक पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाता है।)
✅ English is taught by the teacher. (अंग्रेज़ी शिक्षक द्वारा पढ़ाई जाती है।)
✅ The project was completed by him. (प्रोजेक्ट उसके द्वारा पूरा किया गया।)
Active & Passive Voice Conversion Rules
1. Present Simple Tense (वर्तमान साधारण काल)
👉 Active: Subject + V1 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + is/am/are + V3 + by Subject
✅ Active: He eats an apple. (वह एक सेब खाता है।)
✅ Passive: An apple is eaten by him. (एक सेब उसके द्वारा खाया जाता है।)
✅ Active: They play football. (वे फ़ुटबॉल खेलते हैं।)
✅ Passive: Football is played by them. (फ़ुटबॉल उनके द्वारा खेला जाता है।)
2. Present Continuous Tense (वर्तमान अपूर्ण काल)
👉 Active: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Object
👉 Passive: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by Subject
✅ Active: She is cooking food. (वह खाना बना रही है।)
✅ Passive: Food is being cooked by her. (खाना उसके द्वारा बनाया जा रहा है।)
✅ Active: They are watching a movie. (वे फिल्म देख रहे हैं।)
✅ Passive: A movie is being watched by them. (फिल्म उनके द्वारा देखी जा रही है।)
3. Present Perfect Tense (वर्तमान पूर्ण काल)
👉 Active: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + has/have + been + V3 + by Subject
✅ Active: She has completed the assignment. (उसने असाइनमेंट पूरा कर लिया है।)
✅ Passive: The assignment has been completed by her. (असाइनमेंट उसके द्वारा पूरा किया गया है।)
✅ Active: They have finished the work. (उन्होंने काम खत्म कर लिया है।)
✅ Passive: The work has been finished by them. (काम उनके द्वारा खत्म किया गया है।)
4. Past Simple Tense (भूतकाल साधारण काल)
👉 Active: Subject + V2 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + was/were + V3 + by Subject
✅ Active: He wrote a letter. (उसने एक पत्र लिखा।)
✅ Passive: A letter was written by him. (एक पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया।)
✅ Active: They bought a new car. (उन्होंने एक नई कार खरीदी।)
✅ Passive: A new car was bought by them. (एक नई कार उनके द्वारा खरीदी गई।)
5. Past Continuous Tense (भूत अपूर्ण काल)
👉 Active: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + Object
👉 Passive: Object + was/were + being + V3 + by Subject
✅ Active: She was cleaning the room. (वह कमरा साफ कर रही थी।)
✅ Passive: The room was being cleaned by her. (कमरा उसके द्वारा साफ किया जा रहा था।)
✅ Active: They were repairing the car. (वे कार सुधार रहे थे।)
✅ Passive: The car was being repaired by them. (कार उनके द्वारा सुधारी जा रही थी।)
6. Past Perfect Tense (भूत पूर्ण काल)
👉 Active: Subject + had + V3 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + had been + V3 + by Subject
✅ Active: He had solved the problem. (उसने समस्या हल कर दी थी।)
✅ Passive: The problem had been solved by him. (समस्या उसके द्वारा हल कर दी गई थी।)
✅ Active: They had finished the test. (उन्होंने परीक्षा समाप्त कर दी थी।)
✅ Passive: The test had been finished by them. (परीक्षा उनके द्वारा समाप्त कर दी गई थी।)
7. Future Simple Tense (भविष्य साधारण काल)
👉 Active: Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by Subject
✅ Active: She will complete the project. (वह प्रोजेक्ट पूरा करेगी।)
✅ Passive: The project will be completed by her. (प्रोजेक्ट उसके द्वारा पूरा किया जाएगा।)
✅ Active: They will buy a new house. (वे एक नया घर खरीदेंगे।)
✅ Passive: A new house will be bought by them. (एक नया घर उनके द्वारा खरीदा जाएगा।)
8. Future Perfect Tense (भविष्य पूर्ण काल)
👉 Active: Subject + will have + V3 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + will have been + V3 + by Subject
✅ Active: He will have finished the work. (वह काम पूरा कर चुका होगा।)
✅ Passive: The work will have been finished by him. (काम उसके द्वारा पूरा किया जा चुका होगा।)
✅ Active: They will have built a new school. (वे एक नया स्कूल बना चुके होंगे।)
✅ Passive: A new school will have been built by them. (एक नया स्कूल उनके द्वारा बनाया जा चुका होगा।)
Key Points to Remember (जरूरी बातें)
✅ Only transitive verbs (verbs with objects) can be changed into passive voice.
✅ Present & Past Continuous Tense use “being” in passive voice.
✅ Perfect Tenses use “been” in passive voice.
✅ Future Continuous Tense does not have a passive form.
Practice Exercise (अभ्यास के लिए प्रश्न)
- Convert to passive voice: “She reads a book.”
- Convert to active voice: “The cake was baked by her.”
- Convert to passive voice: “They will complete the task.”
💡 Try these and test your understanding!